Panel-mounted, low voltage terminal

ABSTRACT

An assembly for securing low voltage terminals. The assembly may include a panel forming a wall covering. The panel may have an exterior surface, an interior surface, and an aperture extending therethrough. A base may abut the exterior surface of the panel proximate the aperture. The base may include one or more receivers. One or more securements may each include a retainer and slide. The retainers may abut the interior surface of the panel. The slides may extend from the retainers, pass through the aperture, and unidirectionally engage the receivers to maintain the base in abutment with the exterior surface of the panel.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/843,870, filed May 12, 2004, for PANEL-MOUNTED,LOW VOLTAGE TERMINAL, which will issue as U.S. Pat. No. 7,048,575 on May23, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/469,727, filed on May 12, 2003 for QUICKASSEMBLING, LOW VOLTAGE TERMINAL.

BACKGROUND

1. The Field of the Invention

This invention relates to electrical fixture anchoring and, moreparticularly, to novel systems and methods for facilitating low voltageterminal assembly.

2. The Background Art

Manually installing screws or other fasteners is often time consuming.Additionally, in certain installations, the installer must employ his orher hands to hold several components as well as rotate a tooltransferring rotation to a screw or other type of fastener. Maintainingall of the components in proper alignment is often difficult andrequires skill. In any case, the complexity slows the installationprocess.

Power tools may simplify the installation process by providing themotion (e.g. rotation) necessary to advance or install a fastener. Thepower tool must, however, be held and positioned in a manner similar toa manual tool. Thus, the use of power tools may not significantly lessenthe demands on the installer.

A low voltage terminal assembly is one example of a time consumingfastener installation. Typical low voltage mounting brackets or basesrequire the rotation of a screw to advance a clamp to the point where itgrips a wall panel. This rotation is time consuming and even alignmentof a power tool takes significant time and care to not damage parts.Moreover, once the mounting bracket is in place, more screws aretypically required to secure the face plate and fixture to the mountingbracket.

Often it is difficult to initiate engagement between screws and theircorresponding receiving holes. Such difficulty typically arises becausethe receiving hole may be misaligned, obscured by the wall paneling, orrecessed into the wall. Once the screw is in engagement with thereceiving hole, the time-consuming and often laborious task of advancingthe finely threaded screw remains. Moreover, face plate screws and othersecurement devices may be considered unsightly. Screws used to secureface plates are typically painted and are, therefore, exposed tochipping, tarnishing, wear, and oxidation.

What is needed is a quick assembling, low voltage terminal that providesa strong and reliable securement between the mounting bracket and walland between the mounting bracket and the face plate. Such an assemblyshould significantly reduce the time, skill level, and effort requiredto assemble and complete low voltage terminal installation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A low voltage terminal assembly in accordance with the present inventionmay be arranged to secure to a panel itself, rather than to a stud orother support member. In certain embodiments, an aperture may be formedin a panel. A base may abut the panel proximate the aperture. One ormore securements may engage the base to sandwich the panel between thebase and the securement. An interface may provide the structure forconnecting a face plate to the base. The face plate may secure thefixture.

A base in accordance with the present invention may have any suitableshape. In general, the aperture may be formed to match the shape of thebase. In selected embodiments, a base may be shaped to frame (i.e. forma border around) the aperture. A base may also include one or morereceivers. Selected receivers may be shaped and positioned to receiveand engage securements, while other receivers may be shaped andpositioned to secure the interface. A base may be arranged to secureface plates that are single gang, double gang, triple gang, quadruplegang, quintuple gang, or the like.

An interface in accordance with the present invention may be anystructure connecting a face plate to a base. In selected embodiments, aninterface may include two flanges extending in opposite directions froma body. The flanges may have various apertures extending therethroughfor admitting fasteners. The fasteners may be used to secure theinterface to the base or to secure a face plate to the interface. Inselected embodiments, an interface may be omitted. In such embodiments,a fastener may pass through a face plate and extend directly to engage areceiver on a base.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/342,701 filed Jan. 15, 2003 andentitled DEFLECTING SECUREMENT ANCHOR FOR ELECTRICAL FIXTURES (Pub. No.US 20030109173A1) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/793,186 filedMar. 4, 2004 and entitled CLIP-ON FACE PLATE FOR ELECTRICAL FIXTURES arehereby incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects and features of the present inventionwill become more fully apparent from the following description andappended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of theinvention and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of itsscope, the invention will be described with additional specificity anddetail through use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a low voltage terminalassembly in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded, perspective view of an alternative embodiment ofa low voltage terminal assembly in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an interface in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of aninterface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of aninterface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of aninterface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front, elevation view of one embodiment of a flange from aninterface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front, elevation view of an alternative embodiment of aflange from an interface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front, elevation view of another alternative embodiment of aflange from an interface in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a partial, perspective view of a clip for securing ascrewless fact plate, the clip applied to an interface in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a partial, perspective view of a screwless fact plate inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a side, cross-sectional view of an interface with anchors andclips secured to a screwless fact plate in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an anchor inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an anchorin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of ananchor in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of ananchor in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a top, cross-sectional view of base in accordance with thepresent invention applied to an aperture in a panel;

FIG. 18 is a top, cross-sectional view of the base in FIG. 17 withsecurements partially inserted;

FIG. 19 is a top, cross-sectional view of the base in FIG. 17 withsecurements completely inserted;

FIG. 20 is a partial, perspective view of a securement in accordancewith the present invention inserted into the receiver of a base;

FIG. 21 is a partial, perspective view of a securement in accordancewith the present invention inserted into the receiver of a base, theexcess length of the securement being held out of the way by barbsextending from the securement;

FIG. 22 is a partial, top, cross-sectional view of a receiver having abarb in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a partial, top, cross-sectional view of the receiver of FIG.22 with the barb deflected to admit a securement;

FIG. 24 is a partial, top, cross-sectional view of the receiver of FIG.22 with the barb engaging a securement to resist extraction of thesecurement from the receiver;

FIG. 25 is a partial, side, cross-sectional view of an alternativeembodiments of a receiver having a barb in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 26 is a partial, side, cross-sectional view of the receiver of FIG.25 with the receiver deflected to receive a securement in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a partial, top, cross-sectional view of the receiver of FIG.25 with the receiver deflected to receive a securement in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a partial, cut-away, perspective view of another alternativeembodiment of a receiver in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a partial, cut-away, perspective view of the receiver of FIG.28 with the cantilever deflected to receive a securement in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of asecurement in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of asecurement in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 32 is an exploded, perspective view of a low voltage terminalassembly in accordance with the present invention arranged to mount to astud or other support member, rather than to a panel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

It will be readily understood that the components of the presentinvention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein,could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of differentconfigurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of theembodiments of the system and method of the present invention, asrepresented in FIGS. 1 through 32, is not intended to limit the scope ofthe invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of variousillustrative embodiments of the invention. The illustrative embodimentsof the invention will be best understood by reference to the drawings,wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout.

Referring to FIG. 1, in discussing the Figures, it may be advantageousto establish a reliable coordinate system to aid in the description ofseveral of the embodiments in accordance with the present invention.Coordinate axes 11 may be defined by longitudinal 11 a, lateral 11 b,and transverse directions 11 c substantially orthogonal to one another.

In certain situations, a terminal assembly 10 may secure a fixture 12 toa panel 14 (e.g. plasterboard of a wall). A fixture 12 may be anysuitable piece for which securement is desired. For example, a fixture12 may be a telephone jack, network jack, cable connector, stereo systemconnector, information system connector, or any other unit 12 for whichpermanent or removable securement at a panel 14 may be desired.

In certain embodiments, a terminal assembly 10 may be a low voltageterminal assembly 10. In such embodiments, safety concerns may notrequire an enclosed connection box to contain the various wires andconnections. Such are required only for comparatively high voltageterminal assembles (e.g. power receptacles, power switches, walloutlets). Accordingly, a low voltage (e.g. 1-30 volts) terminal assembly10 may simply include the structure to accomplish securement, withoutregard to enclosure.

In many situations, low voltage terminal assemblies 10 are prepared in amanner very similar to high voltage terminal assemblies. That is, lowvoltage terminal assemblies 10 may include fully enclosed connectionboxes. For example, in situations where builders anticipated theplacement of a phone jack, network jack, etc., a connection box may besecured to a stud before paneling 14 is a applied. However, in othersituations, a low voltage terminal assembly 10 may be applied to a panel14 after completion of the structure. In such situations, paneling 14may block access to studs or other support members, thereby making itmore difficult to secure a connection box. Accordingly, a low voltageterminal assembly 10 in accordance with the present invention may bearranged to secure to a panel 14 itself, rather than to a stud or othersupport member.

In certain embodiments, an aperture 16 may be formed in a panel 14. Abase 18 may abut the panel 14 proximate the aperture 16. One or moresecurements 20 may engage the base 18 to sandwich the panel 14 betweenthe base 18 and the securement 20. An interface 22 may provide thestructure for connecting a face plate 24 to the base 18. The face plate24 may secure the fixture 12.

A base 18 in accordance with the present invention may have any suitableshape. In general, the aperture 14 may be formed to match the shape ofthe base 18. For example, the aperture 16 may have a generallyrectangular shape to match a generally rectangularly shaped base 18.

In selected embodiments, a base 18 may be shaped to frame (i.e. form aborder around) the aperture 16. In one embodiment, a base 18 may includea flange 26 and an insert 28. The flange 26 may abut the exteriorsurface 30 of the panel 14. The insert 28 may extend some distance intothe aperture 16. A base 18 may also include one or more receivers 32.Selected receivers 32 a, 32 b may be shaped and positioned to secure theinterface 22, while other receivers 32 c, 32 d may be shaped andpositioned to receive and engage securements 20.

A base 18 may be constructed of any suitable material. Suitablematerials may include, without limitation, metals, metal alloys,polymers, composites, and the like. In one embodiment, abase 18comprising a flange 26, an insert 28, and receivers 32 may be formed asa substantially homogeneous unit molded from a polymer. A base 18, inaccordance with the present invention, may be of any suitable size. Forexample, a base 18 may arranged to secure face plates 24 that are singlegang, double gang, triple gang, quadruple gang, quintuple gang, or thelike. The concepts presented herein are illustrated as single gang lowvoltage terminal assemblies 10, however, the principles and concepts mayeasily be expanded to multiple-gang low voltage terminal assemblies 10.

An interface 22 in accordance with the present invention may be anystructure connecting a face plate 24 to a base 18. In one embodiment, aninterface 22 may include a body 34 with one or more flanges 36 extendingtherefrom. The body 34 may have an aperture 38 extending therethrough.The aperture 38 may provide a location for wires, etc. to pass throughthe interface 22 and reach the fixture 12.

In selected embodiments, an interface 22 may include two flanges 36 a,36 b extending in opposite directions from a body 34. The flanges 36 a,36 b may have various apertures 40 extending therethrough for admittingfasteners 42. For example, a first flange 36 a may have two apertures 40a, 40 c formed therein. One aperture 40 a may receive a fastener 42 afor engaging a receiver 32 a and securing the interface 22 to the base18. The other aperture 40 c may receive a fastener 42 c for securing theface plate 24 to the interface 22. Similarly, a second flange 36 b mayhave two apertures 40 b, 40 d formed therein. One aperture 40 b mayreceive a fastener 42 b for engaging a receiver 32 b and securing theinterface 22 to the base 18. The other aperture 40 d may receive afastener 42 d for securing the face plate 24 to the interface 22.

In selected embodiments, an interface 22 may be omitted. In suchembodiments, a first fastener 42 c may pass through a face plate 24 andextend directly to engage a first receiver 32 a on a base 18. Similarly,a second fastener 42 d may pass through a face plate 24 and extenddirect to engage a second receiver 32 b on a base 18. If desired, thelocation of the receivers 32 a, 32 b may be repositioned to correspondto the position of the fasteners 42 c, 42 d extending through the faceplate 24. Alternatively, the face plate 24 may be modified so thefasteners 42 c, 42 d extend therethrough to meet the receivers 32 a, 32b.

Referring to FIG. 2, in certain applications, screws and other fasteners42 may be unsightly and time-consuming to install. In theseapplications, it may be desirable to provide a snap-on face plate 24 toprovide fast securement without the use of screws. In certainembodiments, a clip 44 may have a shape selected to engage the flange 36of an interface 22. For example, a clip 44 a, 44 b may be curved orshaped to sandwich a corresponding flange 36 a, 36 b of an interface 22.

A clip 44 in accordance with the present invention may be formed toengage a face plate 24. In selected embodiments, a first clip 44 a mayengage one end of a face plate 24, while a second clip 44 b engages anopposite end of the face plate 24. Accordingly, the clips 44 a, 44 b maysecure the face plate 24 to the interface 22 without the use of screws42 c, 42 d.

In certain embodiments, an anchor 46 may extend from an interface 22.The anchor 46 may be arranged to engage a receiver 32 positioned on thebase 18. In selected embodiments, the method of engagement between areceiver 32 and an anchor 46 may be selected to provide a fast, cleansecurement. By so doing, the interface 22 may be secured to the base 18in a minimum amount of time. A fastener 42 may be introduced to securean anchor 46 to the appropriate location on a interface 22 by amanufacturing machine. Thus, the installation of the fastener 42 may beperformed in ideal conditions with proper alignment and fast toolspeeds. In the field, an anchor 46 may simply be inserted into areceiver 32 to secure the interface 22, and consequently the face plate24, to the base 18.

In selected applications, multiple points of securement between aninterface 22 and a base 18 may exist. In such situations, an anchor 46in accordance with the present invention may be applied to all or asubset of the securement locations. For example, a first anchor 46 a maybe secured to extend from a first flange 36 a of an interface 22, whilea second anchor 46 b may be secured to extend from a second flange 36 bof the interface 22. A base 18 may have two receivers 32 c, 32 d toengage both anchors 46 a, 46 b, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 3, an interface 22 in accordance with the presentinvention may be formed of any suitable material. Suitable materialsmay, without limitation, include metals, metal alloys, polymers,composites, and the like. The shape and arrangement of an interface 22may be determined by balancing the mechanical properties desired and thematerial used. In selected embodiments, an interface 22 may be moldedfrom a polymer. If desired or necessary, an interface 22 may be moldedto include various features (e.g. a body 34 having a thickness 47 in thetransverse direction 11 c) to provide a desired strength, stiffness, andthe like.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, in an alternative embodiment, an interface22 may be formed of thin sheet metal. Various bends 49 may be formed inthe interface 22 to increase the effective thickness 47 thereof. Thisincrease in thickness 47 may, in turn, increase the section modulus ofthe interface 22 to create a stronger and stiffer device. In selectedembodiments, bends 49 may extend in more than one direction. Forexample, one or more bends 49 a may applied to stiffen the interface 22in the longitudinal direction 11 a, while one or more bends 49 b may beapplied to stiffen the interface 22 in the lateral direction 11 b.

Referring to FIG. 6, in certain embodiments, it may be desirable toprovide an interface 22 that directly engages a face plate 24 withoutclips 44. For example, in one embodiment, an interface 22 may includeone or more retainers 51 shaped to engage a face plate 24. The retainers51 may be formed to be resiliently deflectable to snap in and out ofengagement with the face plate 24.

Referring to FIG. 7, in selected embodiments, a flange 36 (which may bea first flange 36 a, second flange 36 b, etc,) extending from a body 34may include two ears 48 a, 48 b. The ears 48 a, 48 b may be spaced apartin the lateral direction 11 b. An ear 48 in accordance with the presentinvention may be formed to have an extended portion 50, most distantfrom the body 34, and a recessed portion 52, spaced away from theextended portion 50 toward the body 34. In selected embodiments, atleast one ear 48 may have an extended portion 50 terminating at a distaledge thereof, away from the body 34, along a line extendingsubstantially in the lateral direction 11 b. In an alternativeembodiment, both ears 48 may have an extended portion 50 terminating ata distal edge thereof, away from the body 34, along a line extendingsubstantially in the lateral direction 11 b.

In selected embodiments, at least one ear 48 may have a recessed portion52 presenting an edge extending in the lateral direction 11 b. In onealternative embodiment, both ears 48 may have recessed portions 52 eachpresenting an edge extending in the lateral direction 11 b. In certainembodiments, the ears 48 a, 48 b may align so the extended portions 50define a clearance 54 or void 54 therebetween. If desired, the ears 48may be formed to be symmetric with respect to a line in the longitudinaldirection 11 a.

In certain embodiments in accordance with the present invention, eachear 48 may be positioned at the outermost corners of a flange 36. Theears 48 may form an opening 56 therebetween in the flange 36. The ears48 may have interior edges 58 forming the extremes of the opening 56(e.g. defining) extending in the lateral direction 11 b.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, ears 48 and flanges 36 in accordance withthe present invention may have any suitable shape. For example, aprojection 60 may be positioned to extend into the opening 56. Theprojection 60 may have an aperture 62 formed therein. The aperture 62may be positioned and threaded to support securement of a face plate 24thereto in a conventional manner. In selected embodiments, ears 48 inaccordance with the present invention may have additional apertures 64formed therein as desired. In certain embodiments, the location 66 wherean ear 48 joins with the rest of the flange 36 may be scored. A scoredlocation 66 may provide a stress concentration riser for controlledbreakage for optional removal of an ear 48 when desired, without tools.

In certain embodiments, the recess portion 52 of an ear 48 may berounded. In other embodiments, the recessed portion 52 a of one ear 48 amay extend to meet the recessed portion 52 b of another ear 48 b. Insuch a configuration, the opening 56 may be omitted.

An interface 22 may be constructed of any suitable material. In oneembodiment, an interface 22, including a body 34 and flanges 36 withears 48, may be formed as a substantially homogeneous unit molded from apolymeric composition. In another embodiment, an interface 22, includinga body 34 and flanges 36 with ears 48, may be stamped from a single,solid blank of stock (e.g. stamped from sheet metal).

Referring to FIG. 10, in certain embodiments, a flange 36 in accordancewith the present invention may have a clip 44 applied thereto. In oneembodiment, as mentioned hereinabove, clips 44 a, 44 b may be applied toboth the first and second flanges 36 a, 36 b. A clip 44 may have a frontgrip 68 and a back grip 70 sized to engage and hold a flange 36therebetween. The extended portions 50 of the ears 48 may register theclip 44 in the longitudinal direction 11 a with respect to the flange36.

If desired, at least one of the front and back grips 68, 70 may includea detent 72 to register the clip 44 in the lateral direction 11 b withrespect to a flange 36. In selected embodiments, the detent 72 may beformed as a protrusion 72 formed in the back grip 70. In one embodiment,a detent 72 includes two protrusions 72 a, 72 b, each protrusion 72 a,72 b engaging an interior edge 58 a, 58 b of the opening 56corresponding to a flange 36 at either end of an interface 22 to whichthe clip 44 is applied.

In selected embodiments, a clip 44 may include an aperture 74 or notch74 that may accommodate a fastener 42. The aperture 74 may provideclearance for the fastener 42, thus, enabling the clip 44 to sit flushwith the surface of the flange 36. The aperture 74 may also interactwith the fastener 42 to form a detent mechanism. That is, the fastener42, in conjunction with the aperture 74, may act as a piloting mechanismto effectively align and situate the clip 44 with respect to the flange36. If desired, an aperture 76 may be formed in the back grip 70 of theclip 44 to permit a fastener 42 to pass therethrough.

A retainer 78 may extend from a clip 44 to engage a face plate 24. Slots80 may be formed where the retainer 78 connects to the rest of the clip44. If desired, the slots 80 may extend a selected distance into theback grip 70. The slots 80 may increase flexibility and deflection ofthe retainer 78, thus providing a smoother engagement with the faceplate 24. In certain embodiments, the slots 80 may terminate in arounded end to resist the formation of a stress riser upon deflection ofthe retainer 78.

In certain embodiments, a lip 82 may be formed to extend a substantialdistance from the clip 44. An extended lip 82 may provide a springbiasing the retainer 78 into a firm engagement with the face plate 24.That is, the lip 82 may act as a spring to substantially remove the playbetween the retainer 78 and the face plate 24.

A clip 44 in accordance with the present invention may be formed of anysuitable material. Suitable materials may include, for example, metals,metal alloys, polymers, composites, and the like. For example, a clip 44may be stamped from a single sheet or panel of metal (e.g. steel).Alternatively, a clip 44 may be molded using a polymer.

Referring to FIG. 11, in selected embodiments, a face plate 20 inaccordance with the present invention may be formed with a barb 84 orengagement lip 84 shaped to engage a retainer 78 of a clip 44 withouttools. In certain embodiments, an engagement lip 84 may be positionedproximate a first edge 86 of the face plate 24. Another engagement lipmay be positioned proximate a second edge positioned opposite the firstedge 86. An engagement lip 84 in accordance with the present inventionmay be continuous along its length 88. Alternatively, an engagement lip84 may be provided in sections 90 so as to be discontinuous.

An engagement lip 84 in accordance with the present invention may beformed of any suitable material. If desired, an engagement lip 84 may beformed of the same material as the rest of the face plate 24. In oneembodiment, engagement lips 84 may be homogeneously molded as extensionsof the material of the face plate 24.

In certain embodiments, a face plate 24 in accordance with the presentinvention may include a stop 92 to resist motion in the lateraldirection 11 b of the retainer 78 with respect to a face plate 24 whilethe retainer 78 engages the face plate 78 in the transverse direction 11c. Such a stop 92 may be positioned anywhere along the length 88 of theengagement lip 84. In one embodiment, a stop 92 may be positionedproximate the center 94 of the engagement lip 84. If desired, thecorresponding retainer 78 may be notched to engage the engagement lip 84on opposite sides of the stop 92. In an alternative embodiment, a firststop 92 a may be positioned proximate a first end 96 of the engagementlip 84 while a second stop 92 b is positioned proximate a second end 98of the engagement lip 84.

Referring to FIG. 12, a face plate 24 may include engagement lips 84position at opposite ends thereof. The engagement lips 84 may eachinclude a ramp 100 and an engagement edge 102. When a face plate 24 isapplied to an interface 22 equipped with clips 44, the retainers 78 maydeflect while sliding along the ramps 100 until passing over theengagement edges 102. Once the retainer 78 has engaged the engagementedge 102, the lips 82 of the clips 44 may exert forces 104 on the faceplate 24. The forces 104 may urge the retainers 78 against theengagement edges 102, thus reducing the play (e.g. tolerance) that maybe present in the engagement of the interface 22 with the face plate 24.

Referring to FIG. 13, an anchor 46 in accordance with the presentinvention may be constructed, formed, machined, extruded, molded, cast,or otherwise made from any suitable material. Suitable materials mayinclude without limitation metals, metal alloys, polymers, composites,and the like. For example, in certain embodiments, an anchor 46 may beformed of a polymer in a molding process.

An anchor 46 may be secured to an interface 22 in any suitable manner.In certain embodiments, an anchor 46 may be secured to an interface 22by a fastener 42 such as a bolt, rivet, screw, engagement prong,engagement hook, or the like. In other embodiments, an anchor 46 may beglued or otherwise bonded to an interface 22. Additionally, an anchor 46may be formed as a homogeneous unit with the interface 22.

Each form of attachment between the anchor 46 and an interface 22 mayhave particular advantages. In certain applications, such as theinstallation of computer network outlets 12, cable television outlets12, and the like, an installer may need to remove an interface 22 togain access to something (e.g. wiring) tucked therebehind. In such asituation, screws 42 may provide an ideal attachment between the anchor46 and the interface 22. The screws 42 may be removed, thus freeing theinterface 22. The anchors 46 may maintain engagement with the base 18.After the revisions are complete the interface 22 may once again besecured to the anchors 46 by the insertion of the screws 42 previouslyremoved.

An anchor 46 in accordance with the present invention may have anengagement mechanism 106 configured to provide a mechanical grip with areceiver 32. If an anchor 46 is to be secured to an interface 22 by abolt 42 or screw 42, an aperture 108 may be formed therein. The aperture108 may extend completely or only partially through the anchor 46 in atransverse direction 11 c.

A length 110 of the engagement mechanism 106 may be selected to providea desired number of engagement locations 112. In selected embodiments,each engagement location 112 is a tooth 112. Additionally, theengagement length 110 and the number of engagement locations 112 may beselected to permit insertion of the anchor 46 a desired distance intothe receiver 32, providing a desired alignment of the interface 22 withrespect to the base 18.

A receiver 32 may include an engagement mechanism corresponding to theengagement mechanism 106 of an anchor 46. For example, when an anchor 46includes a series of teeth 112, a receiver 32 may include a barb forunidirectionally engaging the teeth 112. That is, the barb may pass overthe teeth 112 upon insertion of the anchor 46 into the receiver 32, butengage the teeth 112 to resist extraction of the anchor 46 form thereceiver 32. In certain embodiments, one end 114 of the anchor 46 may beformed to promote easy insertion into the receiver 32. For example, anend 114 may be pointed, rounded, tapered, or otherwise formed to selfcenter or self pilot.

An anchor 46 in accordance with the present invention may have anysuitable cross-section. For example, the cross-section may berectangular, circular, triangular, oval, an unconventional shape, or thelike. In selected embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of an anchor 46may be selected to resist rotation about an axis extending in thetransverse direction 11 c once installed inside a receiver 32. Forexample, an anchor 46 having a generally circular cross-section may havea key-way formed therein to correspond to a key formed or located in thereceiver 32.

The shape and configuration of a receiver 32 may be selected to matchand complement the particular shape of a selected anchor 46. Forexample, if an anchor 46 having a rectangular cross section is desired,the receiver 32 may be formed to have a generally rectangular shape.Thus, the receiver 32 may admit the anchor 46 and hold the anchor 46securely without motion (e.g rotation about an axis extending in thetransverse direction 11 c) therebetween.

Referring to FIG. 14, in certain embodiments, an anchor 46 may havemultiple sliding surfaces 116 to promote ease of insertion and properalignment. A recessed groove 118 may be formed in one or more surfaces116 of the anchor 46 to provide a location for disposition of anengagement mechanism 106. Such an engagement mechanism 106 may berecessed to reduce the risk of interfering with proper insertion of theanchor 46 into the receiver 32.

Referring to FIG. 15, an anchor 46 may have a generally circularcross-section. In such an embodiment, the anchor 46 may include a singleflat 120 or a plurality of flats 120 that provide a location fordisposition of an engagement mechanism 106. The flats 120 may alsoprovide a location for a corresponding receiver 32 to register orotherwise engage the anchor 46 to resist rotation about an axisextending in the transverse direction 11 c.

FIG. 15 also illustrates an alternative embodiment of a fastener 42 inaccordance with the present invention. Opposing engagement hooks 122 maybe shaped to promote insertion into a corresponding aperture 40 in aninterface 22. The engagement hooks 122 may be formed to engage anaperture of any suitable shape (e.g. circular, oval, triangular, or thelike). The illustrated engagement hooks 122 have been formed in a shapeto fit a square aperture 40. A square or rectangular aperture 40 mayprovide a mechanism to resist rotation of the anchor 46 with respect toa corresponding interface 22. Engagement hooks 122 in accordance withthe present invention may flex to allow an anchor 46 to be separatedfrom the interface 22. Once separated, the anchor 46 and interface 22may be reattached by reinserting the engagement hooks 122 of the anchor46 through the corresponding aperture 40 in the interface 22.

Referring to FIG. 16, in certain embodiments, upon insertion, theengagement mechanism 106 of the anchor 46 may structurally interferewith the engagement mechanism of the receiver 32. Thus, furtherinsertion of the anchor 46 into the receiver 32 may be problematic. Forexample, in embodiments where the interference between the teeth 12 ofan anchor 46 and barb or barbs of a receiver 32 becomes an issue, eitherthe anchor 46, the receiver 32, or both the anchor 46 and the receiver32 may flex or deflect to ameliorate the resistance to insertion.

In selected embodiments, an anchor 46 in accordance with the presentinvention may be dynamic when interacting with the receiver 32. Forexample, the engagement mechanism 106 of the anchor 46 may be formed asa cantilever 124. The cantilever 124 may secure to the rest of theanchor 46 at a flex point 126. A distal end 128 of the cantilever 124may extend in the transverse direction 11 c away from the flex point126. Thus, the distal end 128 of the cantilever 124 may resiliently flexin a lateral arc 130 providing deflection of the engagement mechanism 24in substantially the lateral direction 11 b.

A cantilever 124 may have any configuration to provide a desiredresiliency, strength, deflection amplitude, spring constant, and thelike. For example, the cantilever 124 may have a thickness and a widthselected to provide an effective spring constant for deflection of thedistal end 128 of the cantilever 124. Generally, the thicker and widerthe cantilever 124, the greater the spring constant for any material. Ifdesired, the thickness, width, or both of the cantilever 124 may varyalong a length thereof. The length of the cantilever may also be variedto control the spring constant of the cantilever 124. In certainembodiments, fillets or radiused corners may be employed at the flexpoint 126 to resist the formation of stress risers that may result inpremature failure of the cantilever 124.

The location of the engagement mechanism 106 on the cantilever 124 maybe varied to provide a desired performance. Points on the cantilever 124closer to the flex point 126 deflect less distance in the lateraldirection 11 b than do points on the cantilever 124 closer to the distalend 128. The engagement mechanism 106 may be positioned to takeadvantage of this disparity in deflection along the length of thecantilever 124. For example, in certain embodiments, the engagementlocations 112 may be spaced some distance from the flex point 126. Thisspacing may increase the deflection of the engagement locations 112 inthe lateral direction 11 a, while decreasing the force necessary forcausing that deflection.

In certain embodiments, even after the engagement locations 112 arespaced from the flex point 126, interference between the engagementlocations 112 of the anchor 46 and the engagement mechanism of thereceiver 32 may be excessive. In such embodiments, additionaladaptations to the engagement locations 112 may be applied. For example,in embodiments where the engagement locations 112 are teeth 112, theteeth 112 proximate the flex point 126 may gradually decrease in height.For example, while proximate teeth 112 may not deflect as far as thedistal teeth 112 near the distal end 128, the proximate teeth 112 mayhave less height to clear the barb or barbs of the receiver 32. In otherembodiments, where the number of necessary engagement locations 112 islimited, the teeth 112 closest to the flex point 126 may be omitted,thus, effectively increasing the spacing (e.g. pitch) of the teeth 112from the flex point 126.

In selected embodiments, various stops may be incorporated into theanchor 46 design to improve performance. For example, a deflection stop132 may be placed on the anchor 46 to resist or limit how far the distalend 128 of a cantilever 124 may inwardly deflect. In other embodiments,an insertion stop 134 may be added to a suitable location on the anchor46. The insertion stop 134 may resist over insertion of the anchor 46 inthe receiver 32. An insertion stop 134 may be formed for easy removal(e.g. by breaking or tearing) so that in certain applications, theanchor 46 may have no barrier to insertion. If desired, an insertionstop 134 may be positioned to facilitate its removal even afterinstallation. Thus, if necessary, once the insertion stop 134 isremoved, the anchor 46 may be pushed completely through, and out of, thereceiver 32.

Referring to FIGS. 17-19, a base 18 in accordance with the presentinvention may have a flange 26 and an insert 28. The flange 26 may abutan exterior surface 30 of the panel 14. The insert 28 may extend somedistance into the aperture 16 in the panel 14. In selected embodiments,an insert 28 may assist in centering the base 18 within the aperture 16.In other embodiments, a base 18 may be formed without an insert 28.

A base 18 may also have one or more receivers 32 for receiving andengaging securements 20. Securements 20 in accordance with the presentinvention may have an engagement mechanism 136 shaped to engage thereceivers 32 when inserted therein. The engagement mechanism 136 may actas a ratchet, permitting comparatively easy insertion, but comparativelyfirmly resisting extraction. The engagement between securements 20 andreceivers 32 may be of any suitable form. In certain embodiments, theengagement between the securements 20 and the receivers 32 may beaccomplished by a series of teeth 138 forming the engagement mechanism136 on a securement 20. The teeth 138 may be shaped to engage a barb 140on the receiver 32. The number of teeth 138 on the securement 20 may beselected to provide multiple securement positions between the securement20 and receiver 32.

Securements 20 may have any structure suitable to promote theirfunction. For example, the securements 20 may include an extension 142or retainer 142 and a slide 144. The retainer 142 may engage or abut aninterior surface 146 of a panel 14. The slide 144 may extend form theretainer 142, pass through the aperture 16, and engage a receiver 32.Accordingly, a panel 14 may be sandwiched between the flange 26 of abase 18 and the retainer 142 of a securement 20.

A low voltage terminal assembly 10 in accordance with the presentinvention may be installed in at least two ways. In one embodiment, aninsert 28 of a base 18 may be inserted into an aperture 16 formed in thepanel 14 until the flange 26 of the base 18 abuts the exterior surface30. One or more securements 20 may be passed through the aperture 16 andinserted into the back of corresponding receivers 32. The securements 20may be inserted until a selected length 148 of the securement extendspast the flange 26 on the front of the base 18. The securements 20 maythen be pulled through the receivers 32 until the retainers 142 abut, orotherwise register with respect to, the interior surface 146 of thepanel 14.

In an alternative embodiment, one or more securements 20 may be insertedinto the back of corresponding receivers 32 before the base 18 isapplied to the panel 14. The securements 20 may be inserted until aselected length 148 of the securement extends past the flange 26 on thefront of the base 18. The combination of base 18 and securements 20 maythen be positioned in the aperture 16. If desired, an installer maydeflect the securements 20 to provide clearance for their insertion intothe aperture 16. Alternatively, the base 18 may be rotated so thatsecurements 20 may enter the aperture 16 without deflection beingnecessary.

Once the retainers 142 of the securements 20 are through the aperture16, the insert 28 of the base 18 may be inserted into an aperture 16until the flange 26 of the base 18 abuts the exterior surface 30 of thepanel 14. The securements 20 may then be pulled through the receivers 32until the retainers 142 abut the interior surface 146 of the panel 14.

In either method of installation, the engagement mechanism of the 136 ofa securement 20 may engage a corresponding engagement mechanism (e.g.barb 140) of a corresponding receiver 32. This engagement may maintainthe base 18 firmly abutted against the exterior surface 30 of the panel14. If desired, securements 20 may be pulled sufficiently to create aresidual tensile force therewithin once released. Accordingly, theflange 26 and retainer 142 may apply a compressive force on the panel 14to maintain a tight securement of the base 18.

Once the base 18 is secured to the panel 14, a face plate 24 and fixture12 may be secured thereto by any suitable method. For example, aninterface 22 may be secured to the base 18 using one or more fasteners42 or one or more anchors 46. A face plate 24 may be secured to theinterface 22 in the conventional manner using fasteners 42.Alternatively, clips 44 may be used to secure a screwless face plate 24.A screwless face plate 24 may be installed by placing a first clip 44 ain engagement with a first engagement lip 84 and then pivoting the faceplate 24 therearound until the retainer 78 of the second clip 44 bcontacts the second engagement lip 84. The face plate 24 may then bepushed against the second clip 44 b until the retainer 78 deflects andengages the second engagement lip 84.

Referring to FIGS. 20 and 21, securements 20 may be formed in anysuitable shape and of any suitable material. Suitable materials mayinclude without limitation metals, metal alloys, polymers, reinforcedpolymers, composites, and the like. Securements 20 may be formed in anysuitable process. In one embodiment, the securements 20 are molded froma polymer.

Securements 20 in accordance with the present invention may be formed tobend or break to remove excess length 150 after being installed. In oneembodiment, a securement 20 may be formed of a relatively brittle (e.g.easily fractured) material. A securement 20 may be formed to have one ormore fracture regions 152 corresponding to one or more thickness ofpaneling 14. Once installed, the excess length 150 of the securement 20may be broken off at the corresponding fracture region 152.

In an alternative embodiment, a securement 20 may be formed of aflexible material. After installation, the excess length 150 may be bentback towards the retainer 142. In selected embodiments, a flexing region152 may be formed in the securement 20 to facilitate bending. In certainembodiments, a securement 20 may be formed with barbs 154 to engage theexcess length 150 when it is bent back and held in that position.Additionally, if desired, the excess length 150 may be formed with anaperture 156. The aperture 156 may permit the securement of wiresthereto and prevent wires from being pulled out of the low voltageterminal assembly 10 once installation is begun.

Referring to FIGS. 22-24, in certain embodiments, a receiver 32 may beformed by a two-piece mold to form one or more extensions 158. Anextension 158 may be a barb 140 formed in a neutral position 160 at thelocation were the two mold halves meet. The extension 158 may be formedwith a narrow neck 162 connecting the extension 158 to the rest of thereceiver 32. The extension 158 may taper to the narrow neck 162 to forma vertex or folding angle 164. In certain embodiments, an extension 158may be formed with an engagement angle 166. The engagement angle 166 maybe selected to provide a firm engagement with the engagement mechanism136 of a corresponding securement 20.

Upon insertion of a securement 20 into the receiver 32, the extension158 may contact the engagement mechanism 136 or teeth 136 and flex atthe narrow neck 162. The magnitude of the folding angle 164 maydetermining how far the extension 158 may deflect in a maximum flexposition 168. In certain embodiments, the engagement mechanism 136 (e.g.teeth 136) may be recessed from the slide 144 a selected recess distance170. The recess distance 170 and the folding angle 164 may be selectedto provide the extension 158 with enough deflection and clearance topass over the teeth 136 during insertion of the slide 144 of asecurement 20. That is, the recess distance 170 may provide enoughclearance for the extension 158 in the maximum flex position 168 to passover the teeth 136.

In selected embodiments, the recess distance 170 may be selected toslightly interfere with an extension 158 in a maximum flex position 168.Thus, as each tooth 136 passes the extension 158, there is a resiliencyurging the extension 158 into the recesses between the teeth 136 towardan engagement position 172. In an engagement position 172, when theslide 144 is pulled in a direction opposite that of insertion, theextension 158 engages the last tooth 136 to pass by. The extension 158may then act as a two force member resisting further retraction of theslide 144.

Referring to FIGS. 25-27, upon insertion, the engagement mechanism 136of a slide 144 may structurally interfere with the engagement mechanism(e.g. barb 140) of a receiver 32. This interference may make furtherinsertion of the slide 144 within the receiver 32 difficult. In suchsituations, the slide 144, the receiver 32, or both may flex or deflectto ameliorate the resistance to insertion.

For example, in one embodiment, a receiver 32 may include two spacers174 supporting a bridging member 176. A barb 140 may be positioned onthe bridging member 176. The barb 140 and the engagement mechanism 136of the slide 144 may be ramped so that insertion 178 of the slide 144into the receiver 32 urges the bridging member 176 outward 180. As thebridging member 176 deflects outward 180, the barb 140 may be removedfrom interference with the engagement mechanism 136.

The barb 140 and engagement mechanism 136 may not be ramped to causedeflection of the bridging member 176 when the slide 144 is extracted182 form the receiver 32. Accordingly, extraction forces acting on theslide 144 may be resisted. The resulting operation may be aunidirectional rachet in which a slide 144 may easily (comparatively)enter a receiver 32 and resist (firmly) withdrawal therefrom.

Referring to FIGS. 28 and 29, in an alternative embodiment, a receiver32 may include one or more barbs 140 positioned on one or morecantilevers 184. The barb 140 and the engagement mechanism 136 of theslide 144 may be ramped so that insertion 178 of the slide 144 into thereceiver 32 urges the cantilever 184 outward 180. As the cantilever 184deflects outward 180, the barb 140 may be removed from interference withthe engagement mechanism 136. The barb 140 and engagement mechanism 136may not be ramped to cause deflection of the cantilever 184 when theslide 144 is extracted 182 form the receiver 32. Accordingly, extractionforces acting on the slide 144 may be resisted.

Receivers 32 in accordance with the present invention may be situated inany suitable position on the base 18. Similarly, receivers 32 may beprovided in an suitable quantity. The number and location of thereceivers 32 on a base 18 may be selected to provide an adequate andbalanced securement of a base 18 in the aperture 16. Receivers 32 may besecured to a base 18 in any suitable manner. In one embodiment, slides43 may be integrally molded as part of the base 18.

The embodiments of engagements between securements 20 and receivers 32,as illustrated in FIGS. 22-29, could be arranged and designed in a widevariety of different configurations that fall within the scope of thepresent invention. The description hereinabove is not intended to limitthe scope of the possible embodiments, but is merely representative ofcertain embodiments of devices and systems in accordance with theinvention.

Referring to FIGS. 30 and 31, securements 20 in accordance with thepresent invention may have any suitable configuration. A securement 20need not be limited to one retainer 142 connected to one slide 144. Forexample, a single retainer 142 may be secured to a base 18 by one ormore slides 144. Alternatively, two retainers 142 may each be secure toa base 18 by one or more slides 144.

A retainer 142 may be any structure that provides at least some abilityto abut an interior surface 146 of a panel 14. A retainer 142 may abutonly a portion of interior surface 146. Alternatively, a retainer 142may abut the interior surface 146 surrounding the aperture 16.Accordingly, many kinds and varieties of retainers 142 may be suitable.

Slides 144 in accordance with the present invention may have anysuitable cross-section. Suitable cross-sections may be rectangular,circular, triangular, oval, or the like. Receivers 32 positioned on abase 18 may be shaped to accommodate and match the shape of the slides144.

Referring to FIG. 32, in certain applications, it may be desirable toprovide a low voltage terminal assembly 10 that secures to a stud 186,joist 186, or other support member 186, rather than to a panel 14. Suchan embodiment may be used in situations where builders anticipated theplacement of a phone jack, network jack, etc. Rather than using a moreexpensive enclosed connection box, a base 18 having an open back may besecured directly to a support member 186 (e.g. stud 186) before thepaneling 14 is applied thereto.

A base 18 in accordance with the present invention may be modified tofacilitate securement to a support member 186. For example, in certainembodiments, a base 18 may be formed without a flange 26 to facilitateapplication of the panel 14 to the support member 186. Moreover, inselected embodiments, an extension 188 may be added to support a nail190. The extension 188 may, hold a nail 190 in a desired orientationwhile it is driven into the support member 186. If desired, more thanone extension 188 and nail 190 combination may be applied to a base 18.Other modifications may be made depending on the nature of the supportmember 186 to which the base 18 will attach. For example, a base 18 thatwill be applied to metal stud 186 may be arranged to accept rivets,screws, and the like, rather than nails 190.

The embodiments of devices and systems, as illustrated in the Figures,may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of differentconfigurations that fall within the scope of the present invention.Thus, the description hereinabove is not intended to limit the scope ofthe possible embodiments, but is merely representative of certainembodiments of devices and systems in accordance with the invention. Theinformation is intended only by way of example and not by way oflimitation.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. The describedembodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative,and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicatedby the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

1. An assembly for securing low voltage terminals, the assemblycomprising: a panel having an exterior surface, an interior surface, andan aperture extending therethrough; a base abutting the exterior surfaceproximate the aperture, the base including a first receiver; and a firstsecurement comprising a retainer and slide, the retainer abutting theinterior surface, the slide extending from the retainer, passing throughthe aperture, and unidirectionally engaging the first receiver tomaintain the base in abutment with the exterior surface.
 2. The assemblyof claim 1, wherein the distance between the retainer and the base iscontrolled exclusively by linear translation of the slide within thefirst receiver.
 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the first receiverincludes a barb.
 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the slide includesa series of teeth formed therealong.
 5. The assembly of claim 4, whereinthe barb unidirectionally engages the series of teeth permitting theslide to enter the first receiver and resisting removal of the slidefrom the first receiver.
 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the seriesof teeth and barb combine to provide a plurality of securement locationsbetween the slide and the first receiver.
 7. The assembly of claim 6,wherein the slide is loaded in tension to grip the panel between thebase and the retainer.
 8. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the basecomprises a flange and an insert, the flange abutting the exteriorsurface, the insert entering the aperture.
 9. The assembly of claim 8,wherein the first receiver is positioned on the insert.
 10. The assemblyof claim 9, wherein the base is generally rectangular with an openinterior and is positioned to frame the aperture.
 11. The assembly ofclaim 9, wherein the base further comprises a second receiver.
 12. Theassembly of claim 11, further comprising a second securement.
 13. Theassembly of claim 12, wherein the second securement abuts the interiorsurface, extends through the aperture, and unidirectionally engages thesecond receiver.
 14. The assembly of claim 13, wherein the secondsecurement and second receiver are mutually arranged to permit insertionof the second securement into the second receiver and to resist removalof the second securement from the second receiver.
 15. The assembly ofclaim 14, wherein the second securement is admitted within the secondreceiver exclusively by linear translation.
 16. The assembly of claim15, further comprising a face plate connected to the base.
 17. Theassembly of claim 16, wherein the base further comprises a thirdreceiver supporting securement of the face plate to the base.
 18. Theassembly of claim 17, further comprising a screw threadingly engagingthe third receiver and urge the face plate theretoward.
 19. The assemblyof claim 17, further comprising an anchor connecting the face plate tothe base, the third receiver arranged to receive the anchor exclusivelyby linear translation.
 20. The assembly of claim 19, further comprisingan interface connecting the face plate to the anchor.
 21. The assemblyof claim 20, wherein the panel is plaster board forming a wall andpresenting the exterior surface.
 22. The assembly of claim 1, whereinthe base further comprises a second receiver.
 23. The assembly of claim22, further comprising a second securement.
 24. The assembly of claim23, wherein the second securement abuts the interior surface, extendsthrough the aperture, and unidirectionally engages the second receiver.25. The assembly of claim 22, further comprising a face plate connectedto the base, the base further comprising a third receiver supportingsecurement of the face plate to the base.
 26. The assembly of claim 25,further comprising a screw threadingly engaging the third receiver andurge the face plate theretoward.
 27. The assembly of claim 25, furthercomprising an anchor connecting the face plate to the base, the thirdreceiver arranged to receive the anchor exclusively by lineartranslation.
 28. The assembly of claim 27, further comprising aninterface connecting the face plate to the anchor.
 29. An assembly forsecuring low voltage terminals, the assembly comprising: a panel forminga wall covering, the panel having an exterior surface, an interiorsurface, and an aperture extending therethrough; a base abutting theexterior surface proximate the aperture, the base including at least onereceiver; and a least one securement comprising a retainer and slideforming a homogeneously formed unit, the retainer abutting the interiorsurface, the slide extending from the retainer, passing through theaperture, and engaging the at least one receiver to maintain the base inabutment with the exterior surface.
 30. A low voltage terminal assemblycomprising: a panel forming a wall covering, the panel having anexterior surface, an interior surface, and an aperture of generallyrectangular shape extending therethrough; a base abutting the exteriorsurface and positioned to frame the aperture, the base including atleast four receivers; at least two securements, each comprising aretainer and slide, the retainer of each of the at least two securementabutting the interior surface, the slide of each of the at least twosecurement extending from the corresponding retainer, passing throughthe aperture, and unidirectionally engaging the a receiver of the atleast four receivers to maintain the base in abutment with the exteriorsurface; and a face plate connected to the base by two fastenersengaging two receivers of the at least four receivers.